26) Explain Memory Partitioning, Paging, Segmentation.

PAGING: Paging memory allocation algorithms divide computer memory into small partitions, and allocates memory using a page as the smallest  building block.

SEGMENTAION: Segmentation means that a part or parts of the memory will be sealed off from the currently running process, through the use of hardware registers. If the data that is about to be read or written to is outside the permitted address space of that process, a segmentation fault will result.

27) Explain Scheduling.

The way by which the processes are alloated to CPU to use the CPU time is called scheduling.

there are different types of schedulings algorithms

1.FCFS(first come first serve)

2.SJF(shortest job first)

3. SHORTEST JOB NEXT

4.ROUND ROBIN

5. MULTILEVEL FEEDBACK SCHEDULING

28) What is Semaphore?

A semaphore is a type of Interprocess communication resource used for synchronization and mutual exclusion between any two asynchronous processes.

29)  Explain the following file system: NTFS, Macintosh (HPFS), and FAT?

NTFS--

NTFS is a high-performance and self-healing file system proprietary to Windows XP 2000 NT, which supports file-level security, compression and auditing. It also supports large volumes and powerful storage solution such as RAID.

FAT system

The File Allocation Table (FAT) file system is a simple file system originally designed for small disks and simple folder structures. The FAT file system is named for its method of organization, the file allocation table, which resides at the beginning of the volume. To protect the volume, two copies of the table are kept, in case one becomes damaged. In addition, the file allocation tables and the root folder must be stored in a fixed location so that the files needed to start the system can be correctly located.

30) what are the different process states?

ready

running

waiting

terminate